![]() ![]() (1) Units producing and storing heating and cooling capacity are commonly referred as “hybrid” systems. Mathematical models have already shown that thermal storage is a crucial factor in meeting global cooling demand using solar power. (6) Adsorption refrigeration can be used as cold thermal energy-storage (CTES) and TES units, (7) accumulating exceeding cooling or heating capacity, which can be used when needed. In addition, adsorption refrigeration facilitates the use of renewable energy sources, for example, solar, wind, or tidal power, (3,5) which are expected to increase in the near future. The adsorptive process enables us to replace mechanical compressors in vapor–compression cycles, reducing energy consumption. (3,4) In adsorption refrigeration systems, the cooling effect is driven by the thermal energy produced and injected into an adsorbent bed. Adsorption refrigeration has been proven to be an excellent potential candidate for replacing conventional, energy-intensive vapor compression refrigeration cycles. (2) Therefore, efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration cycles are of utmost importance. Therefore, this study guides the selection of MOFs suitable for thermal-storage applications with this new class of low-GWP refrigerants, helping in meeting cooling global demand combined with intermittent sources of energy in a step toward achieving the sustainable energy scenario.ĭue to global warming and boost of wealth in tropical regions, the demand for refrigeration and air-conditioning is likely to increase in the upcoming years, (1) a process that already accounts for around 17% of the global electricity consumption. It is also observed that the M-MOF-74 family is not suitable for CTES under the given operating conditions, but some of them may be appropriate for TES applications. Conversely, MOFs presenting large pore sizes, such as Cr-MIL-101 and IRMOF-10, MOF-200, have a low affinity for HFO and large working capacities, showing a considerably higher CTES energy density than the currently used activated carbons/R134a pairs. ![]() Results show that MOFs with open metal sites have a strong interaction with R1234yf and R1234ze(E), making them more suitable for TES. We conducted Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations to establish a relationship between the adsorptive capacity and material properties. A total of 40 MOFs, belonging to several representative structural families were studied, including IRMOF, M-MOF-74, ZIF, COF, NU, and MIL topologies. The choice of these refrigerants is based on the need to deploy low-GWP refrigerants after the ratification of Kigali’s agreement, suitable for different cooling applications. For comparison, the third-generation refrigerant R134a currently in use is also considered. In this work, we have conducted the first computational screening of experimentally available metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for CTES and TES units using three low-global warming potential (GWP), fourth-generation refrigerants: hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) R1234yf, R1234ze(E), and the blend R513A, in order to search for the best MOF-refrigerant pair for this application. In CTES and TES applications, the choice of a suitable adsorbent-refrigerant working pair plays a crucial role. Such adsorption-based refrigeration cycles facilitate the application of renewable energies and allow energy storage, that is, both cold thermal energy storage (CTES) and TES. * Extend- Resources and task for students to extend their learning.Refrigeration processes based on physical adsorption are promising candidates for replacing high energy-intensive vapor compression cycles. * Apply- Resources and task in which students apply their knowledge gained during the lesson. * Explain- Embedded Google Slides™ presentation (includes lesson objectives, information slides, self-assessed questions). * Explore- Links to articles, video clips, virtual labs, and simulations for students to explore. * Engage- Links and ‘Big Question’ to engage students at start of lesson **Please note: Kerboodle worksheets from scheme are not included due to license.** * Demonstrate understanding tasks (with answers) **Īimed at a mixed ability class covering content 1-8. Students work through a variety of tasks to develop their understanding of how the periodic table has developed over time. ![]() **This lesson bundle covers the content for the AQA GCSE Chemistry C2-1 Development of the Periodic table lesson in two formats- classroom based lesson presentation and digital worksheet Ideal for distance learning or covering missed content after absence. Development of the Periodic table Lesson bundle ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |